Chart
Intersection(s) of graph and line
Q: The graph of \(y=\frac 2x\) and a line through \([0,4]\)
may intersect.
What slope of the line results in 2,1 or 0 intersections?
Where does the line touch the graph in just 1 point?
Graph:
Answer:
\(
\begin{align}
\frac 4x &=mx+4 &|\times x \\
4 &=mx^2+4x &|-4 \\
mx^2 + 4x - 4 &=0 &|\div m \\
x^2 + \frac 4m x - \frac 4m & =0 \\
\left(x + \frac 2m\right)^2 - \left(\frac 2m\right)^2 - \frac 4m & =0 \\
\left(x + \frac 2m\right)^2 & = \frac{4}{m^2} + \frac 4m & =0 \\
x & = - \frac 2m \pm \sqrt{\frac{4}{m^2} + \frac 4m} \\
x & = - \frac 2m \pm \sqrt{\frac 4m \left(\frac 1m + 1\right)} \\
\end{align} \\
\)
\(
\frac 4m \left(\frac 1m + 1 \right) = 0
\text{ results in 1 real solution exactly when } m = -1\\
\frac 4m \left(\frac 1m + 1\right) >0
\text{ results in 2 real solution exactly when } m < -1\\
\frac 4m \left(\frac 1m + 1\right) <0
\text{ results in 0 real solution exactly when } m > -1\\
\text{With }m=-1 \\
x=-\frac{2}{-1} \pm \sqrt{\frac{4}{-1}\left(\frac{1}{-1}+1\right)} \\
x=2 \pm \sqrt{(-4) \times \left(-1+1\right)} \\
x=2 \pm 0 \\
x=2 \\
y=\frac 4x =\frac 42 = 2\\
A=[2,2] \\
\)
Tangents of line on graph
Q: The graph of \(y=x^2-2x+2\) and a line through \([2,0]\)
may intersect. What slope(s) of the line results in exactly 1 intersection?
Where do the lines touch the graph in just 1 point?
Answer:
\(
\begin{align}
y & = x^2-2x+2, \text{ and } \\
y & = mx+k, \text{ with } y(+1)=0 \implies 0=m(+1) + k \implies k=-m \implies \\
y & = mx-m \\
\end{align}
\)
Graph and line intersect when:
\(
\begin{align}
mx-m &= x^2-2x+2 \\
x^2-mx-2x+m+2 &= 0 \\
x^2-(m+2)x+(m+2) &= 0 \\
\left(x-\frac{m+2}{2}\right)^2 - \left(\frac{m+2}{2}\right)^2 + (m+2) &= 0 \\
\left(x-\frac{m+2}{2}\right)^2 &= + \frac{(m+2)^2}{4} -m-2 \\
x-\frac{m+2}{2} &= \pm \sqrt{\frac{m^2 +4m+4}{4} -m-2} \\
x &= \frac{m+2}{2} \pm \sqrt{\frac{m^2 +4m+4}{4} +\frac{-4m-8}{4}}\\
x &= 1+\frac{m}{2} \pm \frac 12 \sqrt{m^2 +4m+4 -4m -8}\\
x &= 1+\frac{m}{2} \pm \frac 12 \sqrt{m^2 -4}\\
A=[2,2] \\
B=[0,2] \\
\end{align} \\
\)
This term has a single solution \(x\) if
\(
\begin{align}
m^2-4 &= 0\\
m^2 &= 4\\
m&=\pm\sqrt{4} \\
m &=\pm 2 \\
m_1 &=2 \\
m_2 &=-2 \\
\end{align} \\
y_1=f_1(x)=+2x-2 \implies x=1+1=2 \implies y(2)=2 \\
y_1=f_1(x)=-2x+2 \implies x=1+(-1)=0 \implies y(0)=2 \\
\)
Graph: